EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION OF INDONESIAN CULTURE

EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION OF INDONESIAN CULTURE

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND

Globalization is a special phenomenon in human civilization that continues to move in a global society and are part of the global human process. The presence of information and communication technologies to accelerate this process of globalization accelerated. Globalization touches all important aspects of life. Globalization creates new challenges and issues that must be answered, solved in an effort to harness globalization for the benefit of life. Globalization itself is a term that appeared about twenty years ago, and started so popular as a new ideology about five or ten years. As a term, globalization is so easily accepted or known to the public throughout the world. The discourse of globalization as a process characterized by the rapid development of science and technology so that he could change the world fundamentally. Globalization is often discussed by many people, ranging from economic experts, until the sellers ad. In the words of globalization contains a pengetian will the loss of one situation in which the various movements of goods and services between countries around the world can move freely and openly in the trade. And with the opening of one state against another, that goes not only goods and services, but also technology, consumption patterns, education, cultural values ​​and others. The concept of globalization according to Robertson (1992), refers to a narrowing of the world as incentives and increase our awareness of the world, namely the increasing global connectivity and our understanding of the connection. Here the narrowing of the world can be understood in the context of the institutions of modernity and the intensification of the reflexive consciousness of the world can be better perceived culturally. Globalization has many interpretations from various viewpoints. Some people interpret globalization as a process of downsizing of the world or make the world as like a small village. Others say that the globalization of the world community is pooling the efforts of the lifestyle, orientation, and culture. Another understanding of globalization as claimed by Barker (2004) is that globalization is a global connection of economic, social, cultural and political is increasingly leading to different directions around the world and penetrates into our consciousness. Global production of local and global product localization Globalization is a process by which events, decisions and activities in parts of the world that one can carry important consequences for various individuals and communities in other parts of the world. (AG Mc.Grew, 1992). The process of globalization was initially marked progress in the field of information technology and communications. The field is driving globalization. Of progress in the field is then affect other sectors of life, such as political, economic, social, cultural and others. A simple example with internet technology, satellite dish and TV, people in the outside world will be able to access news from other parts of the world quickly. This will be an interaction between communities world wide, which will ultimately influence each other, especially in the areas of culture, such as the culture of mutual aid, visiting sick neighbors and others. Globalization also affects the youth in daily life, such as cultural dress, hairstyle and so on

B. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

In the development of globalization cause various problems in the field of culture, for example: - the loss of indigenous culture of a region or a country - the erosion of cultural values, - declining sense of nationalism and patriotism - the loss of the nature of kinship and mutual aid - loss of confidence - westernized lifestyle -westerlies

C. THEOLOGICAL PROBLEMS

The existence of globalization pose various problems to the existence of regional cultures, one of which is the decline in the love of culture, which is the identity of a nation, erosion of cultural values, acculturation occurrence which then evolved into mass culture.

D. PURPOSE

The purpose of making this paper are: 1. Determine the effect of globalization on the existence of regional culture 2. To raise awareness of young people to uphold its own national culture because culture is a national identity

CHAPTER II THEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESIS theoretical

A. LIMITATION OF TERMS

In making this paper uses terms that are understandable by the people at large, as for the purpose of using those terms is to facilitate the reader in reading this paper.

B. VIEWPOINT APPROACH

Viewpoint that we use in the manufacture of this mekalah the perspective of a sociological and psychological impact of globalization on society and the general attitude of the youth in addressing the influence of foreign cultures.

C. FRAMEWORK FOR THINKING

In making this paper we use the patterns from general to specific paragraphs, on the grounds that the reader feels confused in reading because the reading starts from the things that light first before increasing to things that are more complex.

D. THEOLOGICAL HYPOTHESIS

Globalization has both positive and negative, it is necessary to follow in dealing with globalization. The actions that can be done: 1. Increase the portion of the nation's knowledge of the culture in schools both start from the elementary to college 2. Selecting the emergence of new cultural globalization, so that the incoming cultures are not detrimental and negative impact. 3. Held a variety of performances kubudayaan 4. Limit the events that can bring a love of foreign cultures.

PART III DISCUSSION

A. GLOBALIZATION AND CULTURE

Echoes of globalization, which had begun since the end of the 20th century, has made the world community, including the Indonesian nation must be prepared to accept the entry of outside influence on all aspects of national life. One aspect that affected the culture. Associated with culture, culture can be interpreted as values ​​(values) are embraced by the public or the perceptions held by citizens of various things. Or culture can also be defined as its form, which includes the idea or ideas, behavior and results of behavior (Koentjaraningrat), where such things happen in our traditional arts. Therefore the values ​​and perceptions associated with aspects of psychiatric or psychological, that is what is contained in the nature of mind. These psychological aspects become important if realized, that a person's behavior is strongly influenced by what is in the minds of those concerned. As one of the ideas and the discovery of a person is art, which is a subsystem of culture for cultural aspects of the Indonesian nation is one of the nation that has a diverse wealth of value, including the arts. Folk art, one part of the culture of Indonesia was not spared from the effects of globalization. Globalization in a culture can evolve rapidly, it is certainly influenced by the speed and ease in gaining access to communications and news, but this would backfire and become a problem of its own most crucial or important role in globalization, namely the fact that the development of science pengertahuan controlled by developed countries, not developing countries like Indonesia. Those who have and are able to mobilize the international communications instead of developed countries. As a result, developing countries, like Indonesia are always worried about the lag in the flow globalisai in various fields such as politics, economics, social, cultural, including our art. The discourse of globalization as a process characterized by the rapid development of science and technology so that he could change the world fundamentally. International communication and transportation have eliminated the boundaries of each nation's culture. Each nation's culture tends to lead to globalization and the world that involves human civilization as a whole. Kemoni Simon, a sociologist from Kenya said that globalization in its natural form will raise a variety of cultures and cultural values. In this natural process, every nation will try to adapt their culture with new developments so that they can move on and avoid destruction. But, according to Simon Kimoni, in this process, countries should strengthen their cultural dimensions and maintain the structure of values ​​that are not eliminated by a foreign culture. In this framework, the various nations should get useful scientific information and add to their experience. Associated with the arts and culture, a Kenyan writer Ngugi wa Thiong'o named to mention that the behavior of the Western world, especially America as if he were throwing bombs against the people of the world's cultures. They tried to destroy the traditions and indigenous languages ​​so that the nations of the confusion in the quest for national cultural identity. The author believes that Kenya is a foreign culture in power in many nations, who once imposed by imperialism, are now done in a more spacious with the name of globalization.

B. GLOBALIZATION IN THE TRADITIONAL CULTURE IN INDONESIA

The interplay of natural phenomena is the interaction between communities. Through interactions with various other societies, the Indonesian people or groups who inhabit the archipelago (before Indonesia was formed) has undergone a process influenced and influencing. The ability to change is an important trait in human culture. Without that culture is not able to adjust to changing circumstances. Changes that occur when this happened so fast. Only within one generation of many developing countries have tried to implement changes in culture, whereas in developed countries such changes take place over several generations. In essence, the Indonesian nation, as well as other nations, developed due to outside influences. Progress can be generated by the interaction with outsiders, this is what happens in the process of globalization. Therefore, globalization is not just about economics but is also related to problems or issues where the value of cultural meanings and meanings are bonded in it still means .. Indonesian society is a pluralistic society in various ways, such as cultural diversity, natural environments, and geographic region. This diversity of Indonesian society can be reflected also in a variety of artistic expression. In other words, it can be said also that the various community groups in Indonesia can develop a very distinctive artistic. Art has developed into models of knowledge in society.

C. CULTURAL CHANGE IN GLOBALIZATION; ART is the defender and marginalized

Cultural changes that occur in traditional societies, namely the change from a closed society becomes more open society, from the values ​​that are homogeneous to the pluralism of values ​​and social norms are salh of the impacts of globalization. Science and technology have fundamentally changed the world. International communication and transportation facilities has eliminated the boundaries of each nation's culture. Each nation's culture tends to lead to globalization and the world that involves human civilization as a whole. For example, specialized in the field of mass entertainment, or the nature of mass entertainment, the meaning of globalization it has become more pronounced. Right now every day we can listen to a movie on tv shows that roots of the developed countries like the United States, Japan, Korea, etc. through the television stations in the country. Not to mention the international television broadcasts that can be captured through the satellite dish that is now increasingly owned by people of Indonesia. Meanwhile, other arts, popular arts are presented through a cassette, VCD, and DVD which comes from abroad even more widespread presence in our midst. Such facts provide evidence of how countries have managed to cutting-edge technology rulers in control of the globalization of culture, especially in third countries. Transcultural event like that will inevitably affect the existence of our art. Whereas our traditional arts are part of the repertoire of national culture that needs to be preserved. At the other with increasingly sophisticated information technology such as this, we are shown by the many offers of alternative entertainment and more diverse information, which may be more attractive when compared to our traditional arts. With a satellite dish can watch the various entertainment shows that are global from different parts of the world. Such conditions inevitably create a more traditional art tersisihnya Indonesia from the Indonesian public life will be full of meaning in Indonesian society. For example, forms of artistic expression of ethnic Indonesia, both the people and the palace, is always closely related to the agricultural community ritual behavior. With the advent of social change that comes as a result of industrialization and market economy, and globalization of information, the art we began to shift towards the commercial dimension of art. Art-art that is starting out rituals and loss of function. Even so, it does not mean all of our traditional art disappeared. There are a variety of art that still show their existence, even creatively continue to expand without having oppressed the process of modernization. The rapid pace of information technology or communication technology has become a powerful means of cultural diffusion, as well as alternative options are more diverse entertainment for the wider community. As a result people are not interested anymore to enjoy various traditional performing arts which previously familiar with their lives. For example, the traditional puppet art of Bharata, contained in House Puppet People Bharata Jakarta now looks deserted as if no visitors. This is unfortunate given the puppet is one form of traditional Indonesian art-laden and rich with moral messages, and is one of the agents of planting the values ​​of good morals, in my opinion. Another example is the art Ludruk that until the 1980s continue to thrive in East Java today is experiencing a "suspended animation". Puppet people and ludruk a small example of the traditional arts began terdepaknya result of globalization. It may be that such phenomena are not only experienced by traditional Javanese arts, but also in a variety of expressions of traditional arts in various places in Indonesia. Yet it does not mean all traditional arts die just like that with the proliferation of globalization. On the other hand, there are several performing arts that still exist but have undergone changes in function. There is also art that is able to adapt and transform themselves with communication technologies that have been fused with the life of the community, such as traditional arts "Ketoprak" which was popularized to the screen by a group Srimulat. Above facts show ketoprak real art has its own fans, especially ketoprak presented in the form of broadcast television, not ketoprak stage. In terms of staging or representation, ketoprak including traditional arts that have been proven able to adapt to changing times. In addition there are other art ketoprak who survive and are able to adapt to cutting-edge technology that is shadow puppets. Some well-known puppeteer skin like Manteb Ki Ki Anom Suroto Sudarsono and fixed interest of society, be it tapes the play, and the show directly. Courage Indosiar that since a few years ago leather puppet show every night of the week will suffice as proof of the amount of public interest against one of the treasures of our national culture. Even the National Museum was still maintaining the existence of traditional arts such as wayang kulit leather puppet to hold every few months and gamelan music every single week or once a month, held at the hall Kertarajasa, the National Museum.

D. EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION OF CULTURE AND NATION

Currents of globalization has raised the nation's cultural influence on the development of Indonesia. The swift flow of information and telecommunications actually causes a tendency that leads to the waning of the values ​​of cultural preservation. Development of 3T (Transport, Telecommunications, and Technology) mengkibatkan reduced the desire to preserve the culture of their own country. Indonesian culture that used to hospitality, mutual cooperation and courtesy replaced by Western culture, such as promiscuity. In Tapanuli (North Sumatra), for example, twenty years ago, her teenage children are still many who are interested to learn dance tor-tor and tagading (hobo musical instrument). Almost every week, and the rituals of life, there are always invited adolescent stage as a vibrant entertainment culture. Currently, when the technology is getting advanced, ironically regional cultures are increasingly lost in the community, even can only be watched on television and Indonesi Indah Miniature Park (Taman Mini). Whereas cultures that area, if managed properly can be a cultural tourism in addition to generating revenue for both national and local governments, can also be a promising area of ​​work for the surrounding community. The other thing is the impact of globalization is in the use of Indonesian is good and true (the language is also one of the nation's culture). It is not unusual in Indonesia to name a second person singular with Mr., Mrs., Mr., Mrs., Brother, you are compared to you or you as a sense of value judgments. Now there is a tendency among young people who prefer to use the Indonesian language dialect of Jakarta as the mention of the word I (I) and lu (you). In addition we often hear young people using Indonesian with mixed-mixed english like OK, No problem and Yes', even curse words (swearing), although we often hear in western films, often spoken in everyday life days. The words are spread through the TV media in films, commercials and soap operas simultaneously with the scattered lifestyle and fashion. Clothing styles that were once teenagers Indonesia upholds the norms of decency have changed following the development of the era. There is a tendency for young women in big cities wear skimpy and tight clothes that show off certain body parts. This minimal perpakaian culture embraced the films and foreign magazines are transformed into the patron-patron Indonesia. The swift flow of information, which is also characterized by the presence of the Internet, participating `donate` to change the dress code. Tight clothes and mini-environment has become the trend of young people. One of the success of the spread of Western culture is the widespread notion that science and technology developed in the West is a universal. Influx of western culture (in packaging science and technology) received `good`. On this side of globalization has been affecting various systems of social and cultural values ​​of East (including Indonesia) so as to open all the conflicts between technology and eastern values.

E. ACTION encourage GLOBALIZATION OF CULTURE AND GLOBALIZATION OF CULTURE IS TO ANTICIPATE

The role of government policy that is more directed to economic considerations rather than cultural or culture can be said to be detrimental to the development of culture. Jennifer Lindsay (1995) in his book entitled 'Cultural Policy And The Performing Arts In South-East Asia', reveals the cultural policies in Southeast Asia today effectively change and ruin the traditional performing arts, either through interference, excessive handling , policies without direction, and no attention is paid to the government's cultural policies or cultural context. In a more narrow observation we can see the behavior of government officials in dealing with the development of folk arts, where the number of interference in determining the object and try to change to fit the demands of development. Under these conditions the meaning of folk art itself becomes bland and there is no sense of art again. Seeing this trend, government officials have made the artist is seen as a development object and asked to adjust to the demands of the symbols of development. This of course ignores the issue of maintenance and development of art as pure, in the sense of actually supported by a profound artistic value rather than just serve as a model course in development. Thus, the longer the folk art may not have sufficient space for natural growth or natural, therefore, indirectly folk art eventually became heavily dependent on models of development that tend to be more modern and rational. As an example of this problem we can see, for instance art that is native to the area Betawi, cokek dance, dance lenong, and so it is set and adjusted by the government to meet the demands and objectives of the government's political policies. Government officials here helped organize a normative, so that the Betawi arts are no longer visible authenticity and tend to be boring. To anticipate things that are undesirable to the authenticity and genuine development for the folk arts, the government needs to restore the function of government as patron and protector of art, traditional art without having to interfere in the aesthetic process. Admittedly, the folk art today requires funds and government aid making it difficult to avoid the involvement of government and for the people of these artists is something that is also hard to make their own decisions in accordance with the authenticity (oroginalitas) is desired such folk artists. Therefore the government must 'diving' to really role as protector that protects the authenticity and development of folk art aesthetically without having to change and adapt to political policies. The globalization of information and culture that occurred before the new millennium as it is today is something that can not be circumvented. We must adapt to it because a lot of benefits to be gained. It must be recognized that communications technology as a product of the modernization of huge benefit to the creation of dialogue and democratization of mass culture and evenly. Globalization has enormous impact on culture. Contacts culture through mass media awareness and provide information about the existence of other cultural values ​​that differ from those owned and known so far. Cultural contact provides an important input for the changes and developments of values ​​and perceptions among the public involved in this process. Arts of Indonesia which has the force of various local ethnic groups also can not escape the influence of this cultural contact. So to make adjustments to the changes necessary developments which are global but still characterized by local or ethnic forces. The globalization of culture that are so rapidly must be anticipated by strengthening national cultural identity. Various traditional art that really be an asset to the wealth of national culture should not only be a tool or a slogan of the policy holders, particularly the government, within the framework of the purposes of tourism, politics and so on. During this coaching and development of traditional art that made the government agencies is still limited to the element of mere formality, without touching the essence of life art is concerned. As a result, instead of developing the traditional arts and sustainable, but it is increasingly shunned society. Thus, the challenges faced by the folk art is quite heavy. Since the era of communication technology and a highly sophisticated and modern society is faced with many alternatives as an option, either in determining the quality and taste. It is quite possible existence and the existence of folk art can be viewed with one eye by the people, when compared with modern art which is the impact of pop culture. To deal with the things mentioned above there are several alternatives to overcome, namely the increase of Human Resources (HR) for folk artists. In addition, restoring local government officials as a protector and patron, and not the other way and just destroy it for the sake of power-oriented development project funds or funds for development in the economic field alone

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION

A. CONCLUSION

The influence of globalization on the one hand actually causes negative effects for the culture of Indonesia. The norms contained in the Indonesian culture slowly began to fade. The unceasing rush of technology is accompanied interinsik values ​​imposed on it, has raised the issue of globalization and eventually cause a new value of the unity of the world. Radhakrishnan in his book Eastern Religion and Western Though (1924) states "for the first time in human history, awareness of the unity of the world has stamped us, whether he likes it or not, East and West have merged, and never again separate. It means that between the west and east there is no difference. Or in other words our culture merged with a foreign culture. If the east and west are united, there masihkah hallmark of our culture? Or are we lost in the culture of other nations without leaving the slightest our value system? Therefore it is necessary dipertahanan socio-cultural aspects of Indonesia as a nation's identity. The trick is filtering into the culture of Indonesia and the preservation of national culture. For people who are trying to develop traditional art became part of modern life, will certainly continue to modify the forms of art are still berpolakan past to be a commodity that can be consumed by modern society. Because the real art is beautiful and expensive. Art is the wealth of Indonesia which is priceless and not owned by foreign nations. Therefore, as the younger generation, which is the heir to the national culture, art and culture should preserve for the future of our children and grandchildren.

B. ADVICE - ADVICE

From the above discussion, it can be done several measures to prevent the shifting of culture, namely: 1. Governments need to review perturan-regulation can lead to a shift in the nation's culture 2. Society needs to take an active role in preserving local culture of each nation in particular and culture in general 3. The perpetrators of the mass media business needs to hold a selection of various news, entertainment and information provided so as not to cause a shift in culture 4. Society needs to select the appearance of a new culture of globalization, so that the incoming cultures are not detrimental and negative impact. 5. Society must be careful in the means to imitate or accept a new culture, so the impact of globalization in our country had little influence on the culture which is our national identity.
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